OEPAC - Observatory of Emergencies in Cultural Heritage > Resources > Natural Threats

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Natural Threats

Guía para la gestión del riesgo de incendios: protección del patrimonio cultural y natural contra los incendios
2024 - Unesco

This Guide does not attempt to be fully comprehensive or exhaustive in identifying all risk reduction measures that may be available given the significant variety and uniqueness of each heritage site – including local, traditional knowledge and community engagement, as well as local emergency response and recovery capabilities and resources. Instead, it provides a helpful framework and examples that can be adapted to different contexts to support stakeholder development of risk-informed, tailored and effective Fire Risk Management Plans (FRMPs).

Efectos de los incendios sobre el patrimonio cultural
2024 - Fundación Santa María la Real (Ed.)

Este estudio pretende evaluar los efectos de los grandes incendios forestales (GIF) sobre el patrimonio cultural y marcar unas pautas de prevención y actuación para proteger el entorno cultural y natural.

Short note on the mapping of heritage sites impacted by the 2024 floods in Valencia, Spain
2024 - J. Grau-Bové, R. Higham, S. Orr, P. Kumar

Este documento presenta hallazgos preliminares sobre el impacto de las inundaciones de octubre de 2024 en el patrimonio cultural de Valencia. Al superponer mapas de inundación con coordenadas de sitios, el análisis identificó que un 3.3% de los sitios patrimoniales de la región fueron potencialmente afectados. Los más impactados fueron iglesias/santuarios (81), iconografía religiosa exterior (78) y elementos históricos de irrigación (45).

A Methodology for Identifying Coastal Cultural Heritage Assets Exposed to Future Sea Level Rise Scenarios
2024 - S. Chalkidou, C. Georgiadis, T. Roustanis y P. Patias

The present research demonstrates a methodological approach to assess the current and future exposure of Mediterranean coastal areas and heritage assets to Sea Level Rise using open access data regarding elevation, vertical ground motion, and Sea Level Change factors (e.g., ice sheets, glaciers, etc.). The future projections regard 2050 and 2100 and are based on RCP scenarios 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5. The datasets used include Copernicus GLO-30 DSM, the European Ground Motion Service’s dataset on Vertical Ground Motion, the Sea Level Change Projections’ Regional Dataset by NASA, and a hybrid coastline dataset created for the present research purposes to assist in delineating the study area. The research results demonstrate that Greece, Italy, and France’s mainland and cultural heritage assets already face SLR-related hazards but are expected to be further exposed in the future, always taking into consideration the high level of uncertainty regarding SLR projections and RCP scenarios’ hypotheses.

Flood vulnerability assessment of built cultural heritage: Literature review and identification of indicators
2024 - L. Gerardo, F. Salazar, R. Figueiredo, X. Romão

El principal objetivo de este estudio es identificar indicadores relevantes de vulnerabilidad a las inundaciones (FLOVIs) que puedan servir de base para desarrollar un método basado en indicadores dedicado al patrimonio cultural.

Sediment response after wildfires in mountain streams and their effects on cultural heritage. The case of the 2021 Navalacruz wildfire (Avila, Spain)
2024 - J. A., Ortega Becerril, C. Suarez, D. Vázquez Tarrio, J. Garrote Revilla, M. Gómez Heras

Esta publicación documenta y analiza la evolución de varios ríos y arroyos afectados tras el incendio forestal de Navalacruz (Ávila, 2021), el cual afectó hasta 60 sitios de patrimonio cultural. Los análisis realizados han evidenciado una mayor hidrofobicidad del terreno a causa de la deposición de cenizas, arrastradas y sedimentadas por las lluvias que ocurrieron poco después del incendio. Este cambio en la capacidad de retención de agua del sustrato, ha provocado un aumento en el caudal de los ríos y arroyos tras el incendio.

Tejidos ignífugos y sistemas de protección in situ en la salvaguarda de bienes culturales ante emergencias
2023 - E. Sanz, M. Hernández, A. Cárdenas

This article presents the study carried out at the Museo del Prado for the selection of materials and systems for the in situ protection of its collections in case of emergencies. It is based on the premise of a feasible option for the in situ protection of works that, due to their material and formal nature, significance or use within the collection, would allow it or would be advisable to prioritize them over a transfer due to ordinary circumstances or an evacuation in case of extraordinary circumstances. Initially, the protection needs of cultural property are defined by distinguishing the options available to combat certain specific risks or most of the most common ones.

Assessing different measures of fire risk for Cultural World Heritage Sites
2023 - M. T. Falk y E. Hagsten

This study aims to assess whether two publicly available sources of fire threats to 346 Cultural World Heritage Sites across Europe substitute or complement each other. By doing so, a novel measure based on information from the UNESCO periodic report II is created and benchmarked against the European forest fire information system (EFFIS) index.

A GIS-based flood damage index for cultural heritage
2023 - C. Arrighi, F. Ballio, T. Simonelli

El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar un Índice de Daños por Inundaciones para el Patrimonio Cultural (FDICH) basado en SIG que (i) pondere la exposición en función del nivel de catalogación, (ii) pondere la vulnerabilidad en función de una taxonomía ad hoc, (iii) proporcione una densidad de daños por unidad de superficie en lugar de una clasificación por puntos.

Fire in heritage and historic buildings, a major challenge for the 21st century
2023 - García Castillo. E, Paya Zaforteza. I, Hospitaler. A

This study provides a global view of the current state of fires in historic and heritage buildings. It identifies gaps and gaps, proposes future areas of research and provides a basis for finding solutions to achieve fire safety in historic and heritage buildings. The conservation of these buildings and their rehabilitation against demolitions and new construction is promoted, leading to more sustainable construction.

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