The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is undoubtedly one of the greatest disasters humanity has faced in a long time. However, while it is primarily a crisis that impacts public health, other sectors will also be affected as the pandemic limits the developmental prospects outlined by countries. In Mexico, the federal government has implemented strategies to address the economic crisis, involving significant budget cuts to federal agencies, including the National Institute of Anthropology and History. This text examines how the budget cut adds to the financial and structural weakening that the Institute has been experiencing since at least 2014, through a systematic decrease in its financial capacity in real terms. As a consequence, this creates a situation of institutional vulnerability that significantly impacts the country's cultural heritage. Particularly, it leaves it vulnerable to natural threats that have the potential to affect cultural heritage, such as earthquakes

El manual busca subrayar la implantación práctica de la Convención de La Haya de 1954 y de su segundo protocolo, el cual permite a los Estados miembros, en cooperación con la Unesco, incorporar a sus directrices e instrucciones militares la protección de los bienes culturales. Con el fin de consolidar más eficientemente los objetivos de seguridad a largo plazo, sobre todo la cohesión social y la reconciliación

In this third issue of the series, philosophers Helen Frowe and Derek Matravers pose a key question: what is the appropriate response to attacks on cultural heritage? They claim that we must more carefully consider the morality of using lethal military force to protect cultural heritage. Frowe and Matravers challenge the main argument that there is a causal relationship between the destruction of cultural heritage and genocide, and further argue that the defense of heritage should not be treated with the same weight or urgency and therefore should not be protected. in accordance with the same international policies—as the defense of human lives. Calling for expanded theory, empirical data, and the consideration of morality in the making of international resolutions, Frowe and Matravers present a compelling and thoughtful critique that stimulates debate on this critical issue.

In this second issue, Edward C. Luck, Arnold A. Saltzman Professor of Professional Practice and Director of the International Conflict Resolution Specialization at the School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) at Columbia University, explores the importance of terminology, framework and context when developing an international policy to protect cultural heritage. Luck describes the five conceptual frameworks most commonly used when defining this type of policy: legal, accountability, security, counterterrorism, and atrocity prevention. He then introduces cultural genocide as an additional lens through which to examine the destruction of cultural heritage.

Este documento trata de estimar la pérdida económica que supondría un daño total o parcial en conflicto armados a los Sitios Patrimonio de la Humanidad de los países árabes.

In this first issue, Thomas G. Weiss and Nina Connelly examine the relationship between cultural cleansing and mass atrocities. After summarizing the key debates surrounding the destruction of cultural heritage in areas of armed conflict, Weiss and Connelly present options for creating an international framework dedicated to its protection. They demonstrate how the UN's Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine, a pre-existing framework that allows international intervention to stop war crimes or genocide, could be adapted to protect cultural heritage sites. This document presents the various challenges and issues related to the protection of cultural heritage and proposes a way forward in developing a unified international response.

On March 27, 2014, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution affirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity and territorial integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognized borders. This document establishes that UNESCO must follow the evolution of the situation in Crimea in its spheres of competence mentioned above in order to be able to evaluate the problems and threats in the face of the increasing militarization of the peninsula.

Information kit to promote accession to the Hague Convention (25pp)

ICRC report of the meeting of experts held in Geneva in 2002 (226pp)